Tšimoloho ea li-gymnastics e ka saloa morao ho tloha Greece ea boholo-holo. Empa bochaba bo 'nile ba khanna ho phahama ha li-gymnastics tsa morao-rao ho tloha Lintoeng tsa Napoleonic ho ea mehleng ea Soviet.
Monna ea hlobotseng ea ikoetlisang ka piazza. stoic bodyguard ha ho khakoloa ha Abraham Lincoln. Bacha ba fokolang ba nyolohang fatše ka letoto le makatsang la ho ferekana le ho tlola. Litšoantšo tsena ha se kotsi - kaofela ke karolo ea histori ea li-gymnastics.
Ka ho phahama ha baatlelete ba kang Simone Biles le Kohei Uchimura, papali e fetohile e 'ngoe ea liketsahalo tse ratoang ka ho fetisisa lipapaling tsa Liolimpiki. Li-gymnastics e ne e se kamehla e kenyelletsang mekoallo e sa lekaneng kapa balm ea ho leka-lekana - li-gymnastics tsa pele li ne li kenyelletsa mekhoa e kang ho hloa liropo le ho tsubella ha melamu. Empa ho iphetola ha eona ho tloha moetlong oa boholo-holo oa Bagerike ho ea lipapaling tsa kajeno tsa Liolimpiki, boikoetliso ba 'mele bo 'nile ba amahanngoa haufi-ufi le boikhohomoso ba naha le boitsebiso.
Baatlelete ba Bagerike ba boholo-holo ba ne ba atisa ho sebelisa tsebo ea bona ea gymnastic ba hlobotse. Libapali tsena tsa pele tsa boikoetliso ba ’mele li ne li koetlisetsa ’mele ea tsona ntoa.
Tšimoloho ea Li-Gymnastics
Papali ena e simolohile Greece ea boholo-holo. Greece ea boholo-holo, bahlankana ba ne ba koetlisoa ka matla ’meleng le kelellong bakeng sa ntoa. Lentsoe lena le tsoa ho li-gymnos tsa Segerike, "a hlobotse" - a loketse, kaha bahlankana ba ne ba ikoetlisa ba hlobotse, ba ikoetlisa, ba phahamisa litšepe le ho hlōlisana fatše.
Ho Bagerike, boikoetliso le thuto li ne li tsamaisana. Ho latela rahistori oa lipapali R. Scott Kretchmar, libaka tsa boikoetliso tseo bahlankana ba Bagerike ba neng ba koetlisetsoa ho tsona e ne e le “litsi tsa thuto le ho sibolla”—litsi tsa sechaba moo bahlankana ba neng ba rutoa mesebetsi ea matsoho le ea kelello. Rafilosofi oa Mogerike oa lekholong la bone la lilemo BC Aristotle o ile a ngola, “Thuto ea ’mele e lokela ho tla pele ho thuto ea kelello.”
Empa li-gymnastics, joalokaha re li tseba kajeno, li tsoa sebakeng se seng se chesang sa thuto ea kelello le phehisano e chesang: Europe lekholong la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo. Mono, joaloka Greece ea boholo-holo, ho phela hantle ’meleng ho ne ho nkoa e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho ba moahi le ho rata naha. Mekhatlo e tummeng ea li-gymnastic ea mehleng eo e ne e kopanya tsena tse tharo.
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, eo e kileng ea e-ba lesole la Prussia, o ile a nyahamisoa ke ho hlōloa ha naha ea habo matsohong a Napoleon. O ile a qapa mofuta oa gymnastics o bitsoang Turnen, oo a neng a lumela hore o tla tsosolosa naha ea habo.
Eo e kileng ea e-ba lesole la Prussia Friedrich Ludwig Jahn - eo hamorao a ileng a tsejoa e le "Father of Gymnastics" - o ile a amohela filosofi ea mehla ea Leseli ea boikhohomoso le thuto ea sechaba.
Ka mor’a hore Prussia e hlaseloe ke Fora, Jahn o ile a talima ho hlōloa ha Majeremane e le mahlabisa-lihlong a sechaba.
Ho phahamisa batho ba habo le ho kopanya bacha, o ile a retelehela ho phela hantle 'meleng. Jahn o thehile sistimi ea boikoetliso e bitsoang "Turner" mme a qapa lisebelisoa tse ncha bakeng sa baithuti ba hae, ho kenyeletsoa mekoallo e habeli, mekoallo e sa lekanang, libalaka le boemo ba lipere.
Jahn o ile a qapa lithupelo tse tšoarellang, ho kenyeletsoa le libalaka le ho leka-lekana, tseo balateli ba hae ba li entseng ho Turner Festivals naheng ka bophara. Litšoantšong ke basali ba Hannoversche Musterturnschule ba bapala moketeng oa Cologne ka 1928.
Kamoo Bochaba bo Felletseng Kateng Ho Hola ha Li-Gymnastics
Mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, balateli ba Jahn (ea tsejoang e le “Turners”) ba ile ba fapanyetsana maikutlo mabapi le metsamao e tšoanang le ea boikoetliso ba kajeno ba boikoetliso metseng e meholo ho pholletsa le Jeremane. Ba ile ba koetlisa litsebo tsa bona holim’a libalaka le pere ea pommel, litepisi tse hloang, lireng, ho qhoma-qhoma nako e telele, le mesebetsi e meng, kaofela ha bona ba ntse ba etsa lipapali tse khōlō tsa gymnastic.
Moketeng oa Turner, ba fapanyetsana maikutlo, ba hlōlisana ka li-gymnastics, 'me ba buisana ka lipolotiki. Ho theosa le lilemo, ba ile ba tlisa likhopolo tsa bona mabapi le filosofi, thuto le boikoetliso United States, ’me lihlopha tsa bona tsa boikoetliso ba ’mele li ile tsa fetoha litsi tsa bohlokoa tsa sechaba naheng eo.
Turner le eena e ile ea e-ba lebotho la lipolotiki Amerika. Ba bangata ba ile ba tloha naheng ea habo bona hobane ba ne ba hanyetsa puso ea borena ea Jeremane ’me ba labalabela tokoloho. Ka lebaka leo, ba bang ba Turners ba ile ba fetoha bo-ralipolotiki ba matla le batšehetsi ba Abraham Lincoln.
Lik'hamphani tse peli tsa Turners li ile tsa fana ka tšireletso bakeng sa Mopresidente Lincoln ha a ne a khakoloa ka lekhetlo la pele, 'me Turners o bile a iketsetsa mebuso ea bona lebothong la Union.
Ho sa le joalo, lequloana le leng la Europe le sekametseng ho itekanela hantle le ile la hlaha Prague bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo. Joaloka ba Turners, mokhatlo oa Sokol o ne o entsoe ka batho ba naha ba neng ba lumela hore li-calisthenics tse kopanetsoeng li tla kopanya batho ba Czech.
Mokhatlo oa Sokol o ile oa fetoha mokhatlo o tummeng ka ho fetisisa Czechoslovakia, 'me boitlhakiso ba oona bo ne bo akarelletsa litšepe tse bapileng, litšepe tse tšekaletseng le mekhoa ea ho etsa lintho fatše.
Nadia Comăneci oa Romania e bile setsebi sa boikoetliso ba 'mele sa pele sa basali ho fumana lintlha tse 10 tse phethahetseng ho Liolimpiki tsa 1976. Moatlelete ea lilemo li 14 o tšoantšetsoa a tlolela holimo ka leoto le le leng nakong ea kemiso ea fatše selemong seo.
Li-gymnastics ho Liolimpiki
Ha botumo ba Turner le Sokol bo ntse bo eketseha, li-gymnastics li ile tsa tsebahala haholoanyane. Ka 1881, thahasello ea machaba ho li-gymnastics e ne e ntse e hōla, 'me Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Boikoetliso oa Boikoetliso o ile oa tsoaloa.
Nakong ea Lipapali tsa pele tsa Liolimpiki tsa sejoale-joale ka 1896, boikoetliso ba 'mele e ne e le e' ngoe ea liketsahalo tse tlamang bakeng sa mothehi Pierre de Coubertin.
Banna ba mashome a supileng a motso o mong ba ile ba hlōlisana liketsahalong tse robeli tsa gymnastics, ho akarelletsa le ho hloa liropo. Ho sa makatse, Jeremane e ile ea hohola likhau tsohle, ea hapa khauta tse hlano, silevera tse tharo le boronse tse peli. Greece e ile ea latela ka likhau tse tšeletseng, ha Switzerland e hapile tse tharo feela.
Lilemong tse ileng tsa latela, butle-butle boikoetliso ba ’mele bo ile ba fetoha papali e nang le lintlha tse tloaelehileng le liketsahalo tsa tlhōlisano. Li-gymnastics li arotsoe ka likarolo tse peli: li-gymnastics tsa bonono, tse kenyelletsang vault, mekoallo e sa lekaneng, beam ea ho leka-lekana, pere ea pommel, mehele e tsitsitseng, mekoallo e bapileng, mekoallo e otlolohileng le fatše; le gymnastics ea morethetho, e kenyeletsang lisebelisoa tse kang lireng, libolo le liribone.
Kajeno, Simone Biles oa United States ke setsebi sa boikoetliso ba 'mele se khabisitsoeng ka ho fetisisa historing. Liketsoana tsa hae tse khahlehang li khothalelitse tšabo le motlotlo oa naha, ho kenyeletsoa le ts'ebetso ea hae Liolimpiki tsa Lehlabula tsa 2016 Rio de Janeiro, moo a hapileng khau ea khauta e mene le e le 'ngoe ea boronse.
Sehlahisoa.
Li-gymnastics li khothalletsa bonngoe ba naha le ho keteka 'mele o phethahetseng. Empa baatlelete ba lefile theko e phahameng bakeng sa eona. Taeo eo boikoetliso ba 'mele bo e khothalletsang habonolo e ka lebisa mekhoeng e hlekefetsang ea koetliso, 'me papali ena e 'nile ea nyatsuoa ka ho rata ba nkang karolo ba banyenyane haholo.
Ka 2016, ngaka ea sehlopha sa li-gymnastics tsa USA Larry Nassar o ile a qosoa ka ho hlekefetsa bana ka thobalano. Likhoeling tse latelang, mahlabisa-lihlong a ile a senola lefatše la ka morao la lipapali tsa boikoetliso ba ’mele, a pepesa tloaelo ea ho hlekefetsa ka mantsoe, maikutlo, ’mele, ho kopanela liphate le ho ikokobetsa.
Li-gymnast tse fetang 150 li fane ka bopaki nyeoeng ea kahlolo ea Nassar, ea ahlotsoeng lilemo tse 60 teronkong ea mmuso ka 2017.
Tloaelo.
Li-gymnastics ha e sa le karolo ea mokhatlo o pharaletseng oa lipolotiki o tšehetsang bochaba le bonngoe ba sechaba. Empa botumo ba eona le karolo ea eona boikhohomosong ba bochaba bo ntse bo tsoela pele.
David Clay Large, moithuti ea phahameng Setsing sa Lithuto Tsa Europe Univesithing ea California, Berkeley, o ngola koranteng (Foreign Policy), “Qetellong, sena ke sona seo Liolimpiki li buang ka sona.”
Oa ngola, “Mekete ena eo ho thoeng ke ea ‘lichaba tsohle’ e atleha hantle hobane e bontša seo e lekang ho se feta: tšekamelo ea tlhaho ea lefatše ea merabe.”
Mohatisi:
Nako ea poso: Mar-28-2025
