Ndiani akagadzira gymnastics equipment

Kwakabva gymnastics inogona kuteverwa kumashure kweGreece yekare. Asi hurudzi hwave huchifambisa kusimuka kwemitambo yekurovedza muviri kubva kuNapoleonic Wars kuenda kunguva yeSoviet.
Murume asina kupfeka ari kurovedza muviri mu piazza. stoic bodyguard pakugadzwa kwaAbraham Lincoln. Vachiri kuyaruka vanoderera vachisimuka kubva pasi mumutsara wedzungu wekusvetuka nekusvetuka. Iyi mifananidzo haisi tsaona - yese chikamu chenhoroondo yegymnastics.
Nekusimuka kwevatambi vakaita saSimone Biles naKohei Uchimura, mutambo uyu wakave chimwe chezviitiko zvinonyanya kufarirwa mumaOlympics. Gymnastics yaisagara ichisanganisira mbariro dzisina kuenzana kana danda rekuenzanisa - magymnastics ekutanga aisanganisira mafambisirwo akadai sekukwira netambo uye baton swinging. Asi mukushanduka kwayo kubva kutsika dzekare dzeGreek kuenda kumitambo yeOlympic yemazuva ano, gymnastics yakagara yakabatana nerudado rwenyika uye kuzivikanwa.
Vatambi vechiGiriki vekare vaiwanzodzidzira unyanzvi hwavo hwokusimbisa muviri vasina kupfeka. Idzi nyanzvi dzokusimbisa muviri dzapakuvamba dzakanga dzichirovedza miviri yadzo nokuda kwehondo.

Home gymnastics vaulting bhiza

Kwakabva Gymnastics

Mutambo uyu wakatangira muGirisi yekare. MuGirisi yekare, majaya airovedzwa zvikuru mumuviri nomundangariro nokuda kwehondo. Izwi rinobva kuGreek gymnos, "kushama" - apt, sezvo majaya akadzidzira asina kupfeka, achiita maekisesaizi, achisimudza masimbi uye achikwikwidzana pasi.
KuvaGiriki, kurovedza muviri nokudzidza zvaifambirana. Mukuwirirana nomunyori wenhau dzemitambo R. Scott Kretchmar, nzvimbo dzokusimbisa muviri umo majaya echiGiriki airovedzwa akanga ari “nzvimbo dzedzidzo nezivo”—nzvimbo dzenzanga umo majaya aidzidziswa unyanzvi hwomuviri nohungwaru. Mumwe muzivi wechiGiriki womuzana remakore rechina BC Aristotle akanyora kuti, “Dzidzo yomuviri inofanira kutangira dzidzo yepfungwa.”
Asi gymnastics, sezvatinoziva nhasi, yakabva kune imwe hotbed yehungwaru uye gakava rinopisa: 18th- ne19th-century yeEurope. Ikoko, sezvaiitwa muGirisi yekare, kuva akagwinya kwaionekwa sechikamu chinokosha chokuva mugari wenyika uye kuda nyika. Masangano ejimnastic akakurumbira enguva iyoyo akabatanidza ese ari matatu.
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, aimbova musoja wePrussia, akaodzwa mwoyo nokukundwa kwakaitwa nyika yake naNapoleon. Akagadzira imwe nzira yegymnastics inonzi Turnen, yaaifunga kuti yaizomutsiridza nyika yake.
Aimbove musoja wePrussia Friedrich Ludwig Jahn - akazozivikanwa sa "Father of Gymnastics" - akagashira uzivi hwenguva yeChiedza hwekudada nenyika nedzidzo.
Pashure pokunge Prussia yapindirwa neFrance, Jahn akaona kukurirwa kwemaGermany sokunyadzisa kwenyika.
Kuti asimudzire vanhu vomunyika yake uye abatanidze vechidiki, akatendeukira kuhutano hwemuviri. Jahn akagadzira sisitimu yegymnastics inonzi "Turner" uye akagadzira zvishandiso zvitsva zvevadzidzi vake, zvinosanganisira mabhawa maviri, mbariro dzisina kuenzana, bhanhire, uye chimiro chebhiza.
Jahn akagadzira maekisesaizi anoshingirira, anosanganisira vault uye bhanhire, rakaitwa nevateveri vake paTurner Festivals munyika yose. Pamufananidzo vakadzi vanobva kuHannoversche Musterturnschule vachitamba pamutambo muCologne muna 1928.

Gymnastic Balance Beam

Maitirwo Enyika Yakasimudzira Kukura KwemaGymnastics

Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19, vateveri vaJahn (anozivikanwa se“Vatendeuki”) vakapanana mazano pamusoro pemafambiro akafanana neazvino gymnastics mumaguta eGermany. Vakarovedza unyanzvi hwavo pabango resimbi nebhiza repommel, manera anokwira, mhete, kusvetuka-svetuka kwenguva refu, uye mamwe mabasa, uku vachipfeka mitambo mikuru yokurovedza muviri.
PaMutambo weTurner, vanochinjana mazano, vanokwikwidzana mune zvekurovedza muviri, uye vanokurukura zvematongerwo enyika. Nokufamba kwemakore, vakaunza pfungwa dzavo pamusoro peuzivi, dzidzo, uye kusimba kuUnited States, uye makirabhu avo ejimunasitikisi akava nzvimbo dzinokosha dzenzanga munyika yacho.
Turner akavawo simba rezvematongerwo enyika muAmerica. Vakawanda vakasiya nyika yavo nokuti vaipikisa umambo hweGermany uye vaishuva rusununguko. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vamwe Turners vakave vakasimba vekubvisa uye vatsigiri vaAbraham Lincoln.
Makambani maviri eTurner akapa chengetedzo kuMutungamiri Lincoln pakugadzwa kwake kwekutanga, uye Turners vakatoumba mauto avo muuto reMubatanidzwa.
Zvichakadaro, rimwe boka reEurope rinorerekera kugwinyiso rakamuka muPrague pakati pezana ramakore rechi 19. Kufanana neVaTurners, sangano reSokol rakaumbwa nevenyika vaidavira kuti ma-calisthenics akarongeka aizobatanidza vanhu veCzech.
Sangano reSokol rakava sangano rakakurumbira zvikuru muCzechoslovakia, uye maekisesaizi aro aisanganisira mbariro dzakafanana, mbariro dzakachinjika, uye miitiro yepasi.
Nadia Comăneci wekuRomania akave mukadzi wekutanga kuita gymnast kuwana 10 yakakwana kumaOlympics a1976. Mutambi ane makore 14 okuberekwa anofananidzirwa achisvetuka netsoka imwe chete panguva yemutambo wepasi gore iroro.

Gymnastics Parallel bar

Gymnastics pamitambo yeOlympics

Sezvo mukurumbira waTurner naSokol wakakura, gymnastics yakawedzera kufarirwa. Pakazosvika 1881, kufarira kwepasirese mune gymnastics kwaikura, uye International Gymnastics Federation yakazvarwa.
Munguva yeMitambo yeOlympic yekutanga yemazuva ano muna 1896, gymnastics yaive imwe yezviitiko zvinomanikidzwa kumuvambi Pierre de Coubertin.
Varume makumi manomwe nemumwe vakakwikwidza mumitambo misere yegymnastics, kusanganisira kukwira tambo. Zvisingashamisi, Germany yakahwina menduru dzose, ndokuhwina goridhe shanu, nhatu dzesirivha nembiri dzebhuronzi. Greece yakatevera nemenduru nhanhatu, ukuwo Switzerland yakahwina nhatu chete.
Mumakore akatevera, gymnastics zvishoma nezvishoma wakava mutambo une zvibodzwa zvakaenzana uye zviitiko zvemakwikwi. Gymnastics yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: artic gymnastics, iyo inosanganisira vault, mbariro dzisina kuenzana, bhanhire rekuenzanisa, bhiza repommel, zvindori zvinomira, mbariro dzakafanana, mbariro dzakachinjika uye pasi; uye rhythmic gymnastics, iyo inosanganisira midziyo yakadai semhete, mabhora uye ribhoni. Muna 1928, vakadzi vakakwikwidzana mumitambo yeOlympic kekutanga.
Nhasi, Simone Biles wekuUnited States ndiye gymnast yakashongedzwa zvakanyanya munhoroondo. Makwiriro ake anokatyamadza akakurudzira uye kudada nenyika, kusanganisira kutamba kwaakaita kuma2016 Summer Olympics muRio de Janeiro, kwaakahwina menduru ina yegoridhe nebhuronzi.

Scandal.

Gymnastics inokurudzira kubatana kwenyika uye inopemberera muviri wakakwana. Asi vatambi vakabhadhara mutengo wakakwirisa pazviri. Kurangwa kunosimudzirwa negymnastics kunogona kutungamirira nyore nyore nzira dzekudzidzira zvisizvo, uye mutambo wacho wakashoropodzwa nekuda kwekufarira vatori vechikamu vadiki.
Muna 2016, chiremba wechikwata cheGymnastics cheU.SA Larry Nassar akapomerwa mhosva yekushungurudza vana pabonde. Mumwedzi yakatevera, kunyomba kwakafumura kuseri kwezviitiko nyika yejimnastics, ichifumura tsika yekutaura, manzwiro, muviri, kushungurudzwa kwepabonde uye kudzvinyirira.
Vanopfuura 150 vanoita gymnast vakapupura pakutongwa kwaNassar, uyo akatongerwa makore makumi matanhatu mujeri remubatanidzwa muna 2017.

Tradition.

Gymnastics haisisiri chikamu chesangano rakakura rezvematongerwo enyika rinotsigira urudzi uye kubatana kwevanhu. Asi mukurumbira wayo nebasa rayo mukudada kwenyika zvinopfuurira.
David Clay Large, mumwe mukuru paCentre for European Studies paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley, anonyora mumagazini (Foreign Policy), “Pakupedzisira, izvi ndizvo zvakaita maOlympics.”
Anonyora, kuti: “Idzi mhemberero dzinonzi ‘dzakasiyana-siyana’ dzinobudirira chaizvoizvo nemhaka yokuti dzinoratidzira zvadziri kuedza kukurira: mirangariro yomuzvarirwo zvikurusa yenyika.”