Ndiani akagadzira michina yekurovedza muviri

Mavambo ekurovedza muviri anogona kuteverwa kubva kuGreece yekare. Asi rusaruraganda rwave rwuchikonzera kukwira kwekurovedza muviri kwemazuva ano kubva kuHondo dzaNapoleon kusvika munguva yeSoviet.
Murume asina kupfeka achirovedza muviri akapfeka piazza. Murindi wemuviri akashinga pamhemberero yekugadzwa kwaAbraham Lincoln. Vechidiki vadiki vanosimuka kubva pasi vachisvetuka-svetuka nekusvetuka zvinonyadzisa. Mifananidzo iyi haisi tsaona - zvese zviri munhoroondo yejimu.
Nekukwira kwevatambi vakaita saSimone Biles naKohei Uchimura, mutambo uyu wave mumwe wemitambo inonyanya kufarirwa muOlympics. Gymnastics yaisawanzo sanganisira mitsetse isina kuenzana kana balance beam - gymnastics dzepakutanga dzaisanganisira maneuvers dzakadai sekukwira tambo nekusvetukira nebaton. Asi mukushanduka kwayo kubva patsika dzekare dzechiGiriki kusvika pamitambo yemazuva ano yeOlympic, gymnastics yagara ichibatanidzwa zvakanyanya nekudada kwenyika uye kuzivikanwa.
Vatambi vekare vechiGiriki vaiwanzodzidzira hunyanzvi hwavo hwekurovedza muviri vasina kupfeka. Vatambi vekutanga ava vaidzidzira miviri yavo kurwa.

Bhiza rekurovedza muviri rekushambira panze repamba

Kwakatangira Gymnastics

Mutambo uyu wakatangira muGirisi yekare. MuGirisi yekare, majaya aidzidziswa zvakasimba zvemuviri nepfungwa zvehondo. Izwi iri rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti "asina kupfeka" - apt, sezvo majaya aidzidzira asina kupfeka, achiita maekisesaizi, achisimudza zvinorema uye achikwikwidzana pasi.
Kune vaGiriki, kurovedza muviri nekudzidza zvaifamba pamwe chete. Sekureva kwemunyori wenhoroondo yemitambo R. Scott Kretchmar, nzvimbo dzekurovedza muviri dzaidzidziswa majaya echiGiriki dzaiva "nzvimbo dzekudzidza nekuwana ruzivo" - nzvimbo dzenharaunda uko majaya aidzidziswa muhunyanzvi hwemuviri nehwepfungwa. Muzivi wechiGiriki wezana remakore rechina BC Aristotle akanyora kuti, "Dzidzo yemuviri inofanira kutanga dzidzo yepfungwa."
Asi gymnastics, sezvatinoiziva nhasi, yakabva kune imwe nzvimbo yepfungwa huru uye gakava guru: Europe yezana remakore rechi18 nerechi19. Ikoko, sezvakaita muGreece yekare, kuva neutano hwakanaka kwaionekwa sechikamu chakakosha chehugari uye kuda nyika. Masangano egymnastics akakurumbira enguva iyoyo akabatanidza zvese zvitatu.
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, aimbova musoja wekuPrussia, akaora mwoyo nekukundwa kwenyika yake naNapoleon. Akagadzira rudzi rwekurovedza muviri rwainzi Turnen, rwaaitenda kuti rwaizomutsiridza nyika yake.
Aimbove musoja wekuPrussia Friedrich Ludwig Jahn – akazozivikanwa sa“Baba veGymnastics” – akagamuchira pfungwa dzenguva yeEnlightenment dzekudada nenyika nedzidzo.
Mushure mekunge Prussia yapindwa neFrance, Jahn akaona kukundwa kwemaGerman sekunyadzisa kwenyika.
Kuti asimudzire vanhu vemunyika make uye abatanidze vechidiki, akatendeukira kuhutano hwemuviri. Jahn akagadzira sisitimu yekurovedza muviri yainzi "Turner" uye akagadzira michina mitsva yevadzidzi vake, kusanganisira double bar, uneven bars, balance beam, uye horse stand.
Jahn akagadzira maekisesaizi anotsungirira, anosanganisira vault ne balance beam, ayo vateveri vake vaiita paTurner Festivals munyika yese. Mufananidzo wacho ndewevakadzi vekuHannoversche Musterturnschule vaiita pamutambo muCologne muna 1928.

Beam reGymnastic Balance

Kurudzi Rwakabatsira Sei Kukura Kwemitambo Yekurovedza muviri?

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, vateveri vaJahn (vanozivikanwa sa“Turners”) vakachinjana mazano nezvemafambiro akafanana neanoitwa nemazuva ano ekurovedza muviri mumaguta eGermany. Vakadzidzisa hunyanzvi hwavo pakushandisa bhiza remhando yepamusoro, kukwira manera, kurira, kusvetuka-svetuka, nezvimwe zviitiko, zvese izvi vachitamba mitambo mikuru yekurovedza muviri.
PaTurner Festival, vanopanana mazano, vanokwikwidzana mumitambo yejimunasitikisi, uye vanokurukura zvematongerwo enyika. Mumakore apfuura, vakaunza mazano avo nezveuzivi, dzidzo, uye kugwinya kuUnited States, uye makirabhu avo ejimunasitikisi akava nzvimbo dzakakosha dzenharaunda munyika.
Turner akavawo simba rezvematongerwo enyika muAmerica. Vazhinji vakasiya nyika yavo nekuti vaipikisa humambo hweGerman uye vaida rusununguko. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vamwe veTurner vakava vanhu vakasimba vanopikisa hurumende uye vaitsigira Abraham Lincoln.
Makambani maviri eTurners akadzivirira Mutungamiri Lincoln pakugadzwa kwake kwekutanga, uye Turners vakatoumba mapoka avo emauto muuto reUnion.
Panguva iyi, rimwe boka reEurope raida zvekurovedza muviri rakatanga muPrague pakati pezana remakore rechi19. Kufanana nevaTurner, sangano reSokol raive nevanhu vaitsigira nyika vaidavira kuti tsika dzechitendero dzaizobatanidza vanhu vekuCzech.
Sangano reSokol rakava sangano rakakurumbira muCzechoslovakia, uye maekisesaizi aro aisanganisira matanda akaenzana, matanda akatwasuka, uye maitiro epasi.
Nadia Comăneci wekuRomania ndiye akatanga kurovedza muviri wechikadzi kuwana mapoinzi gumi akakwana pamitambo yeOlympics ya1976. Mutambi uyu ane makore gumi nemana okuberekwa anoratidzwa achisvetuka-svetuka netsoka imwe panguva yekurovedza muviri pasi gore iroro.

Bhawa rekurovedza muviri rakafanana

Gymnastics paOlympics

Kufarirwa kwaTurner naSokol pakwaiwedzera, gymnastics yakawedzera kufarirwa. Pakazosvika 1881, kufarira kwepasi rose gymnastics kwaikura, uye International Gymnastics Federation yakatangwa.
Munguva yeMitambo yeOlympic yekutanga yemazuva ano muna 1896, gymnastics yaive imwe yemitambo yaisungirwa mukutanga Pierre de Coubertin.
Varume makumi manomwe nerimwe vakakwikwidza mumitambo misere yekurovedza muviri, kusanganisira kukwira tambo. Hazvishamisi kuti Germany yakahwina menduru dzese, ikahwina menduru shanu dzegoridhe, nhatu dzesirivha nembiri dzebhuronzi. Greece yakatevera nemenduru nhanhatu, ukuwo Switzerland yakahwina nhatu chete.
Mumakore akatevera, gymnastics zvishoma nezvishoma yakava mutambo une zviitiko zvemakwikwi zvakajairwa. Gymnastics yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: artistic gymnastics, inosanganisira vault, uneven bars, balance beam, pommel horse, static rings, parallel bars, horizontal bars nefloor; uye rhythmic gymnastics, inosanganisira zvishandiso zvakaita serings, balls neribbons. Muna 1928, vakadzi vakakwikwidza muOlympic gymnastics kekutanga.
Nhasi uno, Simone Biles wekuUnited States ndiye nyanzvi yekurovedza muviri ine mukurumbira kupfuura vamwe vese munhoroondo. Mabasa ake anoshamisa akurudzira kushamisika uye kudada nenyika, kusanganisira kutamba kwake pa2016 Summer Olympics muRio de Janeiro, kwaakahwina menduru ina dzegoridhe nemenduru imwe chete yebhuronzi.

Kunyadzisa.

Gymnastics inokurudzira kubatana kwenyika uye inopemberera muviri wakakwana. Asi vatambi vakabhadhara mari yakawanda nekuda kwayo. Kudzidziswa kunokurudzirwa negymnastics kunogona kutungamira nyore nyore kune nzira dzekudzidzira dzisina kunaka, uye mutambo uyu wakatsoropodzwa nekuda kwekutsigira vatambi vechidiki zvikuru.
Muna 2016, chiremba wechikwata cheGymnastics cheUSA, Larry Nassar, akapomerwa mhosva yekushungurudza vana pabonde. Mumwedzi yakatevera, nyaya yekunyadzisa yakafumura nyika yegymnastics, ichiburitsa pachena tsika yekushungurudzwa nemashoko, manzwiro, panyama, pabonde uye kudzvinyirirwa.
Vatambi vejimu vanopfuura 150 vakapa humbowo pakutongwa kwaNassar, uyo akatongerwa kugara mujeri kwemakore makumi matanhatu muna 2017.

Tsika.

Gymnastics haisisiri chikamu chesangano guru rezvematongerwo enyika richitsigira nyika nekubatana kwevanhu. Asi mukurumbira wayo uye basa rayo mukudada nenyika richiripo.
David Clay Large, mumwe wevadzidzi vakuru paCenter for European Studies paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley, anonyora mujenari (Foreign Policy), "Pakupedzisira, izvi ndizvo zviri kutaurwa nezveOlympics."
Anonyora kuti, “Mhemberero idzi dzinonzi ‘dzemarudzi ose’ dzinobudirira chaizvo nekuti dzinoratidza zvavari kuedza kupfuura: mafungiro emadzinza epasi rose.”